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These hummingbirds’ bills evolved for fighting

These hummingbirds’ bills evolved for fighting Male green hermit hummingbirds have evolved straighter, sharper, and structurally stronger bills for fighting, which has shaped their species’ evolution. Their bills are designed to be effective weapons, allowing them to defend their perches and compete for mates in a “singles bar” setting where they gather to find partners. […]

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Fern stems reveal secrets of evolution – how constraints in development can lead to new forms

Fern stems reveal secrets of evolution – how constraints in development can lead to new forms Ferns can teach us about evolution by examining their inner anatomy, particularly their stems and roots. The arrangement of vascular bundles in fern stems varies substantially, but recent research suggests that this variation is linked to the number and […]

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NASA, NOAA Rank 2025 Ozone Hole as 5th Smallest Since 1992

NASA, NOAA Rank 2025 Ozone Hole as 5th Smallest Since 1992 The 2025 ozone hole over Antarctica was the fifth smallest since 1992, with an average extent of approximately 7.23 million square miles (18.71 million square kilometers), according to NASA and NOAA. The ozone hole is expected to continue recovering later this century due to […]

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If evolution is real, then why isn’t it happening now? An anthropologist explains that humans actually are still evolving

If evolution is real, then why isn’t it happening now? An anthropologist explains that humans actually are still evolving Humans are still evolving today, just like our ancestors did in the past. We adapt to our environments through traits that give us an advantage, such as skin pigmentation and digestive abilities. The role of culture […]

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How plants decide when to flower

How plants decide when to flower Researchers at Michigan State University have uncovered the molecular mechanism that allows plants to sense phosphorus deficiency and delay flowering, a survival strategy that could inspire new ways to breed crops for low-fertility soils. The discovery reveals a phosphorus-dependent switch inside plant cells that reprograms their development when nutrients […]

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Forests on land kicked off life in the deep sea

Forests on land kicked off life in the deep sea Forests that evolved on land around 400 million years ago played a crucial role in sparking life in the deep sea, according to new research. The study found that the deep ocean didn’t become permanently oxygenated until about 390 million years ago, much later than […]

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Symbolism of cemetery plants: How flowers, trees and other botanical motifs honor those buried beneath

Symbolism of cemetery plants: How flowers, trees and other botanical motifs honor those buried beneath The use of plants in cemeteries dates back to the early 1800s, when rural cemeteries were developed outside city limits to address overcrowding and pollution issues. Cemetery plants were chosen for their symbolic meanings, such as weeping willow trees representing […]

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An Indigenous approach shows how changing the clocks for daylight saving time runs counter to human nature – and nature itself

An Indigenous approach shows how changing the clocks for daylight saving time runs counter to human nature – and nature itself Daylight saving time (DST) is often debated as to its necessity, but an Indigenous approach highlights how it runs counter to human nature and nature itself. The traditional Western view of DST assumes humans […]

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Giant ground sloths’ fossilized teeth reveal their unique roles in the prehistoric ecosystem

Giant ground sloths’ fossilized teeth reveal their unique roles in the prehistoric ecosystem Giant ground sloths, which lived in what’s now Southern California as far back as 35 million years ago, played vital roles in shaping ecosystems across the Americas before their extinction at the end of the Pleistocene. Researchers analyzed fossilized teeth from two […]

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Why and how does personality emerge? Studying the evolution of individuality using thousands of fruit flies

Why and how does personality emerge? Studying the evolution of individuality using thousands of fruit flies Fruit flies, like all animals, have unique personalities that emerge from their individual experiences and genetic makeup. A study using thousands of fruit flies found that even simple behaviors, such as turning left or right in a maze, can […]

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